ABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by different manifestations, including an immune system imbalance. However, the specific mechanism that triggers a dysregulated immune response is not yet completely known. AntiNeutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCAs) are autoantibodies directed against various neutrophil antigens, including Myelo Per Oxidase (MPO) and PRoteinase 3 (PR3). In this study, we investigated the potential usefulness ofanti-MPO and anti-PR3 to elucidate whether the infection stimulates autoantibody production and contributes to autoimmunity activation in COVID-19 patients. Method(s): We assessedone hundred ten patients hospitalized for COVID-19, 62 (interquartile range [IQR], 52-72) years, admitted to COVID-19 Units at the University Hospital P. Giaccone of Palermo, Italy. Hematological, biochemical, and inflammatory parameters were evaluated. ANCA testing (anti-MPO and anti-PR3) was analyzed using a chemiluminescent assay (ACL AcuStar;Instrumentation Laboratory). Result(s): Laboratory results revealed a reduction in lymphocytes, higher levels of C Reactive Protein (CRP), and IL-6. In the great majority (76%) a moderate decrease in vitamin D levels was found. In addition, a weak increase in serum D-dimer and high-sensitive troponin T (hs-TnT) concentrations were observed in 37% and 51% of patients. Our analysis showed that anti-MPO and anti-PR3 antibodies were present in <2% and <5%, respectively, of study population. Conclusion(s): It has been known that SARS-CoV-2 can trigger a strong immune response in some individuals. Our results do not show greater activation of autoimmune response given the low rate of ANCAs positivity encountered. However, the study is ongoing for a long-term evaluation of patients.